MODULE DESCRIPTION

This module provides a comprehensive knowledge and concept of grade 11 Geography. The purpose is to help students understand the spatial distribution of both physical and human-made things and phenomena and the two-way interactions and interdependences between natural and human environments of the world. It enables students to think geographically and critically about sustainable living from local to global, and how to act accordingly.  The module emphasizes on the patterns and processes that help to understand an ever changing planet; aspiring to develop invaluable 21st-century skills set for today and tomorrow; and offering unique opportunities to make sense of the modern world. From the broader perspective, the module focuses on the major topics of the physical and human geography including formation of the continents and oceans; climate regions of the world; natural resources and conflicts over resources; and global population dynamics and challenges.

The module is divided into four units each of which has its own specific objectives. The first unit focuses about the development stages of the Earth’s continents; the timescale of the Earth’s geological processes; the development stages of the Earth’s continents; and the relative position (distribution) of the Earth’s oceans and continental landmasses.

The second unit aims about climate classification and regions of the world. It includes approaches, climatic region classification criteria, and factors that influence global climatic regions.  Most classification schemes (such as Köppen’s and Trewartha’s) are intended for global or continental scale use and identify climatic zones based on the criteria. Understanding Earth’s climates require climate classification to recognize, clarify, and simplify climatic similarities and variations between geographic regions.

The third unit discusses about natural resource, classification of resources as renewable and non-renewable, the functions and management of land; resources under pressure, as well as resource depletion and degradation.

It also aims to trans-boundary Rivers, regional cooperation for sustainable use of trans-boundary Rivers, potential and actual use of water in Ethiopia Sudan and Egypt in the NBI; Conflicts over resources and conflict handling strategies.

The fourth unit discusses the growth of world population, Population trends in LDCs, dynamics of world population change; Population trends in MDCs, Factors responsible for uncontrolled population growth, international migration; policies on population growth and socioeconomic development as well as Policies on migration and distribution.

MODULE LEARNING OUTCOME

• Recognize the Earth’s geological history;
• Describe the formation of the Earth’s Continents;
• Explain the relative distribution of Continents and Oceans over the Globe; and
• Appreciate the changing positions of the Earth’s Continents and Oceans over geological times.
• List the criteria commonly used to classify climates of an area;
• Classify climates of an area based on Köppen’s classification methods;
• Identify the factors influencing world climatic regions;
• Describe climate zones in Ethiopia;
• Compare and contrast the local and Köppen’s methods of climate classification; and
• Locate world climatic regions on a map.
• Describe the importance of land as a natural resource;
• Specify the functions of land;
• Evaluate the intricate relations between land and people and management strategies for sustainability;
• Assess the effects of population pressure on land;
• Explain why renewable or non-renewable resources are under immense pressure;
• Analyze the relationships between resource overuse, environmental degradation, and population growth;
• Compare annual water uses of Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt; and
• Explain how unfair water use could lead to regional conflict.
• Examine the trend of world population growth;
• Recognize the key factors behind major population problems;
• Compare and contrast the population growth trends of LEDCs and MEDCs
• Assess the factors underlying international migration.

ACTIVITIES IN THE MODULE

Dear learners, this Grade 11 Geography module utilize dynamic activities to deepen understanding of world’s geographical diversity using interactive learning system. This module is comprised of knowledge, values and skills, and aims to prepare students for active, responsible participation.

Each unit integrates theoretical lessons with interactive exercises, fostering critical thinking and practical application of geographic knowledge. You will learn how the continents and oceans are formed through interactive lessons and visual aids. Comparative discussions analyze spatial distribution and characteristics of wide range of phenomena. Field trips or virtual tours enhance practical insight. You need to simulate climate patterns, analyze impacts on vegetation and settlement. Group discussions and debates on Trans Boundary Rivers will be held. Role-play scenarios for stakeholders affected by climate variability. You need to refer the case studies on resource management, debate conservation efforts. Research projects on population growth and development, population and resources, field research on local ecosystems. Analyze environmental, economic, and social implications.

MODULE CONTENTS

UNIT ONE: FORMATION OF THE CONTINENTS

• Formation of the continents and oceans
• Geological timescale
• Distribution of the continents and oceans
• Changing positions of the continents and oceans

UNIT TWO: CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION AND CLIMATE REGIONS OF OUR WORLD

• Criteria for climate classification
• Köppen’s climate classification
• World climatic regions
• Factors influencing the world climatic regions
• Local/Indigenous climate classification of Ethiopia

UNIT THREE: NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONFLICTS OVER RESOURCES

• The functions and management of land
• Resources under pressure
• Resource depletion and degradation
• Trans-boundary rivers
• Regional cooperation for sustainable use of trans-boundary rivers
• Potential and actual use of water in Ethiopia Sudan and Egypt
• Conflicts over resources

UNIT FOUR:GLOBAL POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CHALLENGES

• The growth of world population
• Population trends in LDCs
• Population trends in MDCs
• Factors responsible for uncontrolled population growth
• International migration
• Population policies
• Policies on population growth and socioeconomic development
• Policies on migration and distribution

MODULE ASSESSMENT METHOD

• Quizzes, Tests and assignments
• Mid-term exam
• Final exam

REFERENCES

• Geography Grade 11 Student Text Book Based On New Curriculum
•  Royal Geography For Grade 11-12
• Galaxy Geography For Grade 11-12
• Intermediate Geography Grade 11-12
• Cambridge International AS and A Level Geography

Instructor’s Information

• Name: Getachew Birhanie
• Email: getchethio@gmail.com
• Phone No: +251929512604