Video Lesson

Lesson Objective

At the end of The lesson, you will be able to :

• Understand the kinetic molecular theory and properties of the three physical states of matter.
• Know the behavior of gases by using the variables volume, temperature, pressure and number of moles.
• Know terms like ideal gas, diffusion, evaporation, boiling, condensation, vapor, pressure, boiling point, molar heat of vaporization.
• Understand gas laws;
• Develop skills in solving problems to which the gas laws apply;
• Perform activities to illustrate gas laws;
• Carry out experiments to determine the boiling points of liquids and the melting point of solid.

Brainstorming Question

1. During rainy season sometimes we observe ice rain. What is the sourc of this ice rain (precipitation)? What makes it different from water?
2. If you put some water in an evaporating dish and gently heat for sometime, what kind of change do you observe
3. give examples for each of the three physical states of matter?

Key terms and Concepts

3.1. Introduction

• Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. It can exist in the form ofgas, liquid and solid. The simplest example is the water we use in our daily life. The three physical states of water are:
• Steam water in the form of gas.
• Water, in the form of liquid.
• Ice, water in the form of solids.

• The physical state of a given sample of matter depends on the temperature and pressure. Changing these conditions or variables may change the behavior of the substances as solids, liquids, gases or plasma.
• A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape.
• A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except that it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes that are very nearly independent of pressure.
• A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
• A fourth state of matter,plasma occurs naturally in the interiors of stars.
• Plasma is a gaseous state of matter that contains appreciable numbers of electrically charged particles. Example of plasma state: Lightning, Comet tail,Solar Wind,Stars (Including The Sun),Interstellar Gas Clouds,Welding arcs,fluorescent lights, Static electricity, Rocket Exhaust etc.

3.2. The Kinetic Theory of matter

• The States of matter in which substances are Chemically the same but Physically differently are explained by the kinetic theory of matter gives an explanation of the nature of the motion and the heat energy.
• According to the theory, every substance consists of a very large number of very small particles called ions, atoms and molecules
• The motion of the particles increases with arise in temperature

kinetic theory of matter is based on:

• All matter is composed of particles which are inconstant motion.
• The particles possess kinetic energy and potential energy.
• The difference between The three States of matter is due to their energy contents and the motion of the particles.

3.3. Properties of Matter

Brainstorming Question

what are the state of matter ?

properties of gases can be summarized as follows;

• Gases have no definite shape and definite volume.
• Gases can be easily compressed.
• Gases have low densities compared with liquids and solids.
• Gases exert pressure in all directions.
• Gases easily flow and diffuse through one another.

Properties of Liquids

• Have a definite volume,but havenodefinite shape.
• Have higher densities than gases.
• Are slightly compressible.
• Are fluids.

Properties of Solids

• Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
• Solids generally have higher densities than gases and liquids.
• Solids are extremely difficult to compress.
• Solids are not fluids.

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter-basics/latest/states-of-matter-basics_all.html