Module Two: Discovering Advanced Biology
Welcome to the Course!
Hello and welcome! We’re thrilled to have you on this exciting journey into the fascinating world of biology. This course is designed especially for you an online learner who is eager to learn independently while still feeling connected. Think of me as your friendly guide, here to help you navigate through the amazing concepts of biology. Let’s dive in together and explore the wonders of life!
Course Overview
This Grade 10 Biology course consists of six chapters divided into two modules. The first module covers Units 1, 2, and 3, while this module, Module Two, covers Units 4, 5, and 6.
Module Two Content:
- Unit Four: Cell Reproduction
- Unit Five: Human Biology
- Unit Six: Ecological Interaction
This module offers a comprehensive understanding of advanced biology topics. From the microscopic processes of cell reproduction to the complexities of human biology and the intricate relationships within ecosystems, you will gain a deep appreciation of the natural world.
Learning Structure
Each unit is meticulously organized into sections that include:
- Introduction: An overview of what you will learn.
- Minimum Learning Competencies: The essential skills and knowledge you should acquire.
- Subtopics: Detailed areas of study within the unit.
- Lesson Summary: A recap of key points.
- Feedback to Activity: Guidance and insights on activities.
- Answer Key for Self-Test Exercises: Solutions to help you assess your understanding.
- References: Free online resources for further reading.
Unique Online Learning Experience
Online learning combines the fundamental design principles of traditional education with the unique benefits of the digital environment. This course is structured to make the most of online learning, ensuring engaging activities, meaningful assessments, and interactive experiences.
You will find that the interactions between you, the content, and your instructor are thoughtfully designed to overcome physical and social distances. By leveraging familiar and innovative teaching technologies, this course addresses cognitive, affective, and motivational challenges while presenting numerous opportunities for discovery and growth.
Module Learning Outcomes/Objectives
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
- Understand and explain the processes of cell reproduction.
- Gain insights into human biology and the functioning of the human body.
- Explore and analyze the interactions within ecosystems.
Activities in This Module
The activities are designed to help you create quality experiences, assessments, and interactions. For ease of use, clicking the provided links will allow you to jump directly to the location of the course where the activity is located.
Course Description
Biology is a life science that enables you to develop knowledge and understanding of yourself and the living world around you. A solid grasp of biology helps you value the natural world and appreciate how it works. Biology learners understand how to exploit the environment sustainably for the benefit of society.
Studying biology not only prepares you for various careers, such as agriculture or medicine, but also helps you develop essential problem-solving skills. These skills are invaluable in all areas of life, making biology a subject that goes beyond mere facts to enhance your overall cognitive abilities.
Embrace this opportunity to delve into the complexities of life. Your journey through Module Two promises to be enlightening and enriching. Let’s get started and unlock the mysteries of biology together!
Unit 5: Human Biology
5.1. Digestive System
Learning Competencies:
- Discuss the structure and function of the digestive system (alimentary canal and accessory organs).
- Classify the types of digestion along the alimentary canal.
- List the end products of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats after complete digestion.
- Express the site of absorption of digested food, minerals, vitamins, and water.
- Explore structural adaptations of the small intestine for absorption.
- Differentiate the absorption routes of different end products of digestion (e.g., lacteals, capillaries).
- Group enzymes of the digestive system based on their roles and pH.
Content Overview:
- Alimentary Canal: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
- Accessory Organs: Liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
- Types of Digestion: Mechanical and chemical digestion.
- Nutrient Absorption: Sites and mechanisms of absorption in the small intestine.
- Digestive Enzymes: Roles and optimal pH conditions.
5.2. Circulatory and Lymphatic System
Learning Competencies:
- Demonstrate the structure of the heart using a heart model or diagram.
- Differentiate between pulmonary and systemic circulations.
- Compare and contrast arteries and veins based on their structures and functions.
- Discuss the key functions and components of the lymphatic system.
Content Overview:
- Heart Structure: Chambers, valves, major blood vessels.
- Circulatory Pathways: Pulmonary circulation (lungs) vs. systemic circulation (body).
- Blood Vessels: Structural differences and functions of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- Lymphatic System: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and their roles in fluid balance and immunity.
5.2.1. Blood Donation
Learning Competencies:
- Debate the importance of blood donation and its health implications for donors and recipients.
Content Overview:
- Types of Blood Donation: Whole blood, platelets, plasma.
- Health Benefits and Risks: For donors and recipients.
- Blood Donation Process: Criteria and safety measures.
5.2.2. Diseases of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems
Learning Competencies:
- Discuss diseases of the circulatory and lymphatic systems (leukemia, varicose veins, elephantiasis, cardiovascular diseases).
Content Overview:
- Leukemia: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Varicose Veins: Causes, symptoms, and management.
- Elephantiasis: Causes, transmission, and treatment.
- Cardiovascular Diseases: Types, risk factors, prevention, and treatment.
5.3. Breathing System
Learning Competencies:
- Draw and label the human breathing system.
- Show the link between the human breathing system and the circulatory system.
- Demonstrate the mechanism of breathing using locally available materials.
- Examine the effects of smoking and cannabis on the normal functioning of the breathing system.
Content Overview:
- Structure: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli.
- Gas Exchange: Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport between lungs and blood.
- Mechanism of Breathing: Inhalation and exhalation process.
- Impact of Smoking and Cannabis: On respiratory health.
5.4. The Excretory System
Learning Competencies:
- Draw and label the human excretory system.
- Design a model of one of the systems (excretory, circulatory, digestive systems) using locally available materials.
Content Overview:
- Structure: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
- Functions: Waste removal, regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte balance.
5.5. The Immune System
Learning Competencies:
- Define the immune system.
- Discuss the types of immunity (innate and acquired).
- Relate the lymphatic system with the immune system.
Content Overview:
- Innate Immunity: Physical and chemical barriers, immune cells.
- Acquired Immunity: B cells, T cells, antibodies.
- Lymphatic System: Role in immune response and pathogen filtration.
5.6. Renowned Physicians in Ethiopia
Learning Competencies:
- Explore the contributions of renowned Ethiopian physicians to medicine.
Content Overview:
- Dr. Catherine Hamlin: Obstetric fistula treatment.
- Dr. Asrat Woldeyes: Surgery and medical education.
- Dr. Zewditu Kebede: Public health and HIV/AIDS prevention.
- Dr. Senait Fisseha: Reproductive health and policy.
These contents, along with their respective learning competencies, provide a structured guide for teaching the various systems of the human body and notable medical figures from Ethiopia.
Unit 6: Ecological Interactions
| Contents | Learning Competency |
| 1.1 Trophic levels 1.1.1 Food chains & Food webs 1.1.2 Flow energy and matter through ecosystems 1.2 Cycling of materials in the ecosystem 1.2.1 Water cycle 1.2.2 Carbon cycle 1.2.3 Nitrogen cycle 1.2.4 Phosphorus cycle | 1.1 outline with examples the trophic levels in an ecosystem 1.2 elaborate food chain and food web with examples 1.3 show the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem 1.4 discuss ecological pyramid 1.5 draw and label the water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles 1.6 relate the carbon cycle with global warming 1.7 associate nitrogen cycle with soil fertility and agriculture 1.8 appreciate the role of soil organisms in soil fertility 1.9 investigate why farmers in their locality use crop rotation in cultivation |
