Biotechnology utilizes living organisms, especially microorganisms, to create products that benefit society, including through genetic modification. This field involves engineering organisms with DNA from other species to enhance traits, resulting in transgenic organisms that improve agricultural yields, disease resistance, and environmental management. Key applications include industrial biotechnology for producing food and bio-products, genetic engineering for pharmaceuticals and modified crops, health applications like antibiotics and vaccines, biomining and waste treatment, biofuels like bioethanol and biogas, biopesticides for pest control, and forensic DNA analysis. Biotechnology continues to advance, offering solutions across medicine, agriculture, and environmental management.

Microorganisms are organisms too small to be seen clearly by the unaided eyes. Micro means very small-anything so small that it must be viewed with a microscope (an optical instrument used to observe very small objects). Microbiology is the study of microbes. Very small life forms so small that individual microorganisms cannot be seen without magnification. This include fungi, bacteria, algae, protozoa and viruses. Some microorganisms however, like the eukaryotic microorganisms are visible without magnification. Thus, microbiology is concerned with the study of microorganisms which include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, and helminthes (parasitic worms).