Biology relies on various tools and techniques to study living organisms and their interactions. Key tools include:

1. Microscopes: Essential for magnifying small organisms and cells, including light microscopes and electron microscopes.
2. Spectrophotometers: Used to measure the absorbance or transmission of light by biological samples, aiding in quantifying substances like proteins and nucleic acids.
3. PCR Machines: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machines amplify DNA, allowing for detailed genetic analysis and research.
4. Centrifuges: Separate components of a mixture based on density, crucial for isolating cells, organelles, or macromolecules.
5. Gel Electrophoresis Equipment: Used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size and charge, facilitating analysis and identification.
6. Biochemical Assays: Techniques to measure the activity of enzymes or the concentration of biomolecules, providing insights into metabolic processes.
7. Field Equipment: Tools like GPS, nets, and traps for collecting samples in ecological studies.

These tools enhance our understanding of biological processes, enabling advancements in research, medicine, and environmental science.