Summary of Polymers:

Polymers are large, macromolecular compounds made up of repeating structural units called monomers. They have a wide range of properties and applications, from synthetic plastics like polyethylene to natural polymers like DNA. Polymers can be classified based on their structure, origin (natural or synthetic), and the type of polymerization reactions involved in their formation.

Monomer: A monomer is a small, simple molecule that can react with other monomers to form a polymer. Each polymer consists of many monomers linked together in a repeating pattern. Common monomers include ethene (used to make polyethylene) and glucose (used to make starch).

Addition Polymerization:Addition polymerization is a process in which monomers with double bonds (like alkenes) join together to form a polymer, without the elimination of any by-products. This reaction usually involves breaking the double bonds in monomers and linking them to form a long chain. No small molecules are released during this process. An example is the formation of polyethylene from ethene monomers.

Condensation Polymerization:In condensation polymerization, monomers with two reactive end groups react with each other, and each time two monomers join, a small molecule, such as water or methanol, is released. This type of polymerization is typical in the production of polyesters and nylons. Condensation reactions often involve monomers like a dicarboxylic acid and a diol (for polyesters).