Read the words written in bold again from the passage and choose their contextual meaning from the given alternatives.

1. Tourism is defined scientifically as the sum total of relationships and interactions of tourists with business suppliers, guides, hosting communities and hospitality workers in the process  of  attracting  ,  transporting,  hosting and managing the activities connected   to  them.  Tourists are those people who travel  to  and  stay  in  places  outside their environment for more than twenty-four hours. It is one of the largest and most rapidly growing industries which contribute to the multidirectional social and environmental developments in the world. Due to these and other reasons, the sector is getting attention by developing   countries whose economic background mainly depends on exporting agricultural products which have limited role to earn hard currency. When this sector develops steadily, it has been becoming a backup for the stability of their economy. That is why many of them are striving to make use of this industry as an influential economic sector. As a result of these,  the World Tourism Organization (WTO)  is  encouraging  them by providing both technical and professional supports.

2. There are many  reasons why tourism  is  seen as a  vital  tool for tourist destination countries in  economic,  socio  cultural and environment streams. First, if tourism is properly incorporated into the development  strategies  of  a  country, the sector can be a corner stone of new productive systems aimed at reducing poverty and achieving significant economic growth.  Second,  it  is  a  sector  that  provides  a wide range of different employment opportunities to a variety of citizens ranging from professionals to unskilled individuals. In this case, it does not only  supply  necessary funds to finance firms’ activities,  but  also  stimulates  the firms’ productivity and creates new job opportunities that increase the country’s welfare as well. One thing that makes the job opportunity  in  the  tourism  sector  different  from others is that it contributes to a wide geographical spread of employment opportunities as it is not only restricted  to  the main centers or capital cities. It is applicable to rural areas where the attraction sites are available.

3. Third, tourism has a power in promoting export. It is to say that it earns foreign exchange or hard currency which is so essential for the development of the tourist destination countries. The tourist needs different products when  she/he stays in a hosting  country. Accordingly,  to  fulfill  the  needs for consumables,  tourists  come  with  their  own  money  to the  hosting  country.  This  money  in  turn  enables  countries to generate income which has significant role  in  increasing their revenue. Fourth, tourism involves  individuals  in  the local community for different activities, in some cases, including enterprises. In this community-based tourism, members of a community, often rural, poor and economically disadvantaged, manufacture different   local   products   and sell them out to tourists. In doing this, the community earns additional income from their products and services and a proportion of this income is then used for the benefit of the community as a  whole.  Lastly,  this  sector  contributes  its own role in the field of cultural exchange and interactions. When tourists come to a hosting country, some of them stay long, study the languages and the cultures of that particular community and they also share their own culture to the people who are living in their destinations. As we understand from different sources, there are tourists who have got married to a person in their touring  area  and  established  strong  social tie.

4. If tourism is very indispensable for a country’s overall development, countries   that   host   tourists   have   to   think of the  needs  of  different  tourists  and  work  hard  to  fulfill for them as best as they can. First, for example,  countries should  produce  documents  that  give  sufficient  information on the sites that tourists can visit and gain knowledge or entertain   themselves.   Second   professionals   who    have deep knowledge about the places that the tourists want to visit with good proficiency  of  the  tourists’  language  are of paramount importance. When tourists get sufficient information or  knowledge  about  the  place  or  event  they visit, they obtain  maximum  satisfaction  and  do  the  work of promotion for the country in inviting others to come and visit the places they have already  visited.  Third,  quality and standard  accommodations  are  the  other  requirements that attract  an  overwhelming  number  of  tourists  who  visit an area frequently. Professionally prepared foods, neat sleeping rooms with  essential  modern  accessories,  security and  waitresses  and  waiters  who  talk  to  them  courteously are among others. Fifth, governments need to build modern roads that are comfortable  to  drive  both  during  the  day, night, summer and winter. When  such  types  of  roads  are built,   they   comfortably   travel   to   different   places   within a short period of time. Sixth, security is the other  most important requirement. If there are pick-pockets, brigands, bandits or groups fighting in forests, no tourist will attempt to visit that   area.   Therefore,   making   maximum   efforts and prevailing peace especially  in  the  tourist  frequenting areas is unquestionably the responsibility of a non-fragile government.