Lesson 16: Grammar
Conditional Sentences
| Conditionals | Main clause (If clause) | Result clause | Meaning |
| Zero Conditional | If you put oil in water, If you drink, (Simple present) | It floats. (simple present) Don’t drive | Scientific fact Rule |
| Conditional I (Real) | If you have time, (simple present) | You should /will visit the park. (future tense/ modal + infinitive without to) | Suggestion/ possibility for the future |
| Conditional II (unreal) | If you had time, (simple past) If I were you, | You could/ would/might visit the park. (could /would/might + infinitive without to) I would visit the park | You don’t have time. (for near the future) Suggestion (for the future) |
| Conditional III (impossible ) | If you had been on time, | You wouldn’t have missed the bus (would/could/might + have + past participle) | You missed the bus because you were late. (about the past) |
Now, complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given
1.If it_____________ (rain) today, we ____________ (not be able) to ride bicycles.
2.Give me the mechanics number. If I ___________ (make) appointment today, my car ____________ (fix) tomorrow.
3.If I _______________ (be) tall, I _______________ (play) basketball but I’m the shortest boy in my family.
4.If you____________ (have) exam, _______________ ( late).
5 I think we have something in the backyard. If ____________(have) a dog, It _________ (help) us.
6.Please be careful! If I____________ (be) you, I___________ (wear) a helmet.
7.I don’t understand why people are so careless in roads. Traffic accidents ____________(decrease) if people__________(careful).
8.If you__________ (need) any help, let me know. I _________(come) to you straight away.
Complete the dialogue with the appropriate conditional sentence.
Tina: I am planning to go for shopping. Do you want anything?
Zami: No I don’t think so. Oh, hang on. I need some warm gloves.
Tina: Ok if I see some,___________ . What color do you want?
Zami: The color doesn’t matter if they ___________ .
Tina: Emmm… I’ll try to find you one though I don’t know much about the quality of gloves. But I_________
Zami: No worry. Don’t buy them if you_____________
Tinna: Okay. I won’t. It ______________ if you could come with me.
Zami: Yeah but I have to finish the maintenance today. Could you also get me some stamps?
Tinna: Ok. I will get you some. I could have taken your car if ______________
Participles and Participles Phrases
Participles are verbs ending in -ing (present participle) or –ed/ past form (past participle) and functioning as modifiers (adjectives/adverbs)
Example:
- Tourists interested in modern art usually visit our gallery. (“Interested” is a past participle modifying the noun “Tourists”)
- Feeling excited, the small boy waited to see his mother coming towards him. (“ Filling excited” is present participle phrase modifying the noun phrase ‘the small boy’ and “coming towards him” also a present participle phrase modifying the noun phrase ‘ his mother’
Complete each pair of sentences with the correct form of the same verb, in present participle (-ing) form or in past participle (-ed) form.
- a.____________ football, I hurt my leg. (play)
b. Bridge is a card game _____________ by four people.
a. On my camera, it says______________ in Korea. (make)
b. I am working in a cafe _____________ sandwiches.
a. I’ve spent the whole morning _________________ an essay. (write)
b. On the wall was some graffiti___________________ in big letters.
a. Goods ______________ in the sales cannot be refunded. (buy)
b. I’ve spent all my money ________________ Christmas presents.
a. The police caught the burglar_______________ into a house. (break)
b. Careful! There’s a lot of_______________ glass on the floor.
Misplaced Participles/ Misplaced Modifiers
Misplaced participles or modifiers occur when descriptive words or phrases in a sentence are not placed near the noun or pronoun they are intended to describe or modify. This can lead to confusion or ambiguity in the meaning of the sentence. Here are some examples with explanations:
Examples of Misplaced Participles:
Misplaced Participle:
Original: Walking down the street, the trees looked beautiful.
Corrected: Walking down the street, I saw that the trees looked beautiful.
Explanation: In the original sentence, “Walking down the street” seems to modify “the trees,” implying that the trees themselves are walking. By correcting it, we clarify that the speaker (or another implied subject) is the one walking and seeing the trees.
Misplaced Participle:
Original: Sitting on the bench, the book was read quickly.
Corrected: Sitting on the bench, I read the book quickly.
Explanation: Similar to the first example, the original suggests that the book itself is sitting on the bench and being read. The correction clarifies that the speaker (or another implied subject) is sitting on the bench and reading the book.
Examples of misplaced modifiers
Misplaced modifiers
- Original: She found a pair of old shoes for her brother in the attic that were too small.
- Corrected: She found in the attic a pair of old shoes that were too small for her brother.
Explanation: In the original sentence, “that were too small” is placed next to “attic,” which suggests that the attic is too small. Moving the modifier “that were too small” closer to “a pair of old shoes” clarifies that it is the shoes, not the attic, that are too small.
Correct the misplaced participles and rewrite the sentences
- The cars are taken to the nearest garage crashed.
- The bus driver saved 60 passengers driving with great attention on that difficult road.
3.She failed the driving test not knowing the rules.
4.The car was later found in the border stolen in the night.
5.Closing his eyes, his legs were covered with a bandage.