MODULE DESCRIPTION

Dear Grade 10 Learners,

Welcome to Module 2 of your Grade 10 Geography course, where we delve into the intricate interactions between human activities and the natural environment. This module is crafted to enhance your understanding of Africa’s major economic and cultural activities, human-environment interactions, urbanization, migration, and the role of geospatial information. By the end of this module, you will gain insights into how these factors shape the socio-economic and environmental landscapes of Africa and develop essential skills for analyzing and addressing contemporary geographical challenges.

The module comprises four units, each focusing on key aspects of human-environment interactions and data processing. You will begin by exploring Africa’s major economic and cultural activities, then investigate how human activities impact and adapt to the natural environment. The module progresses to analyze urbanization and migration issues, and concludes with an examination of geospatial information and data processing techniques. Each unit combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subjects covered.

MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Dear Learners, by the end of this module, you will be able to:

• Summarize Employment Structures: Describe the global and African employment structures, identifying key economic activities and their implications for employment.
• Identify Economic Activities: Recognize and categorize major economic activities in Africa and discuss their significance to the continent’s development.
• Assess Cultural Landscapes: Identify and describe Africa’s major cultural landscapes, including linguistic and religious diversity.
• Analyze Agenda 2063 and SDGs: Evaluate the pillars of Africa’s Agenda 2063 and compare them with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), assessing their implications for socio-economic transformation.
• Examine Human-Environment Interactions: Analyze the dependencies between human beings and their environment, the modifications made to the natural environment, and adaptation strategies.
• Evaluate Urbanization and Migration: Explain the causes and consequences of unplanned urbanization, analyze migration factors and impacts, and describe the effects of coastal pollution on populations.
• Understand Geospatial Information: Recognize concepts of geospatial information, sources and tools for geographic data, and methods for data representation, including advances in mapmaking and GIS.

ACTIVITIES IN THE MODULE

Dear learners, this module employs a variety of dynamic activities to deepen your understanding of the interactions between human activities and the natural environment. Interactive lessons will be complemented by practical exercises to enhance critical thinking and real-world application. You will:

• Economic and Cultural Activities: Engage in case studies and discussions on Africa’s economic and cultural activities. Analyze real-life scenarios and evaluate solutions for unemployment.
• Human-Environment Interactions: Participate in role-playing exercises and simulations to understand human-environment relationships and adaptation strategies. Explore indigenous knowledge and its role in natural resource conservation.
• Urbanization and Migration: Investigate the causes and consequences of urbanization through group projects and debates. Analyze migration patterns and coastal pollution impacts using case studies and data analysis.
• Geospatial Information: Conduct hands-on activities to learn about geospatial data processing, including creating and interpreting graphs, charts, and diagrams. Explore advancements in GIS and their applications.

MODULE CONTENTS

• Unit Five: Major Economic and Cultural Activities of Africa
  • Lesson 1: Overview of Employment Structures Worldwide
  • Lesson 2: Major Economic Activities in Africa
  • Lesson 3: Possible Solutions to Unemployment
  • Lesson 4: Africa’s Agenda 2063 and Its Implications
  • Lesson 5: Comparing Agenda 2063 with SDGs
  • Lesson 6: Linguistic and Religious Diversity in Africa
• Unit Six: Human-Natural Environment Interactions
  • Lesson 1: Overview of Human Dependence on the Environment
  • Lesson 2: Human Modifications to the Natural Environment
  • Lesson 3: Adaptation Strategies to Environmental Changes
  • Lesson 4: Indigenous Knowledge in Natural Resource Conservation
• Unit Seven: Urbanization, Migration, and Environmental Challenges
  • Lesson 1: Causes and Consequences of Unplanned Urbanization
  • Lesson 2: Factors and Impacts of Migration
  • Lesson 3: Causes and Effects of Coastal Pollution
• Unit Eight: Geospatial Information and Data Processing
  • Lesson 1: Basic Concepts of Geospatial Information
  • Lesson 2: Sources and Tools of Geographic Data
  • Lesson 3: Geographic Data Representations
  • Lesson 4: Advances in Mapmaking and GIS
  • Lesson 5: Making and Interpreting Graphs, Charts, and Diagrams

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Assessment methods include interactive exercises, quizzes, group discussions, and project presentations to reinforce and evaluate your understanding of human-environment interactions and geospatial information processing.

REFERENCES

Core Textbooks:

• Grade 10 Geography Student Textbook Based on New Curriculum
• Additional Grade 9 Geography Textbooks

General Geography References:

• Gabler, R. E., Petersen, J. F., & Trapasso, L. M., 2019. Physical Geography: The Global Environment. 8th ed. Cengage Learning.
• Petersen, J. F., Sack, D., & Gabler, R. E., 2015. Physical Geography: Landforms and Processes in Geomorphology. 11th ed. Cengage Learning.

• Barazangi, M. & Thomas, R. G. (eds), 2019. African Natural Resources Management: Integrated Approaches and Sustainable Development. Routledge.
• Kimenyi, M. S., & Lewis, T., 2020. Africa’s Economic Development: New Challenges and Opportunities. Routledge.
• Mapiravana, E., & Louw, L., 2017. Economic Geography of Africa: Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.

• Low, P. S. & Stasiewicz, M. J. (eds), 2017. Climate Change and Africa. Routledge.
• Mazzucato, M., & Perez, C., 2015. Innovation and the Theory of Change: Lessons from Africa. Oxford University Press.
• Nyong, A., & Leary, N., 2015. Climate Change Adaptation and Indigenous Knowledge in Africa. Springer.

• Bongaarts, J., 2019. Population Dynamics and Urbanization in Africa. UNFPA.
• Myrdal, G., 2016. Migration and Development: The African Context. Routledge.
• Tacoli, C., 2017. Urbanization, Rural-Urban Migration, and Rural Transformation. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).

• Crampton, J. W., 2018. Cartography: Maps and Geographic Information Systems. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Goodchild, M. F., & Li, L., 2018. Thinking Spatially: A Framework for Geographic Information Science. Springer.
• Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W., 2015. Geographical Information Systems and Science. 4th ed. Wiley.

• Binns, T., & Nel, E., 2017. Regional Development and Planning for the 21st Century: Africa and Beyond. Routledge.
• Fenton, S., 2019. Cultural Geography of Africa: Understanding Diversity and Change. Cambridge University Press.
• Mulugetta, Y., & Urban, F., 2020. Energy, Environment, and Development in Africa. Routledge.