SUMMARY

In recent years, the scope and magnitude of natural resource conflicts have increased and intensified.

At a wider scope, four kinds of resource conflicts occur as a general challenge to national stability:

• Secessionist conflicts in which resource-rich regions seek to split away from the rest of a country;
• Disputes over resources as part of new national laws and conventions;
• Grievances over standalone projects such as mines and hydroelectric dams; and
• Cumulative impacts of multiple small-scale clashes, typically over land, livestock,