Since the mid-19th century, with the rise of disciplines like anthropology and archaeology, scholars have been investigating the origins of human beings. This period marked a significant debate between creationist views, rooted in religious beliefs that attribute human existence to divine creation, and scientific views, particularly evolutionism. Scientifically, human origins are explained through the theory of evolution, proposed notably by Charles Darwin in his 1859 work “On the Origin of Species.” Darwin’s theory posits that humans evolved from earlier species through natural selection over millions of years. The study of hominids, including Australopithecines and later species within the Homo genus, has provided substantial fossil and archaeological evidence supporting this evolutionary progression. Additionally, the Neolithic Revolution in Ethiopia around 4,000 B.C. demonstrates a shift to settled agricultural societies, evidenced by discoveries of ceramic traditions, polished tools, and evidence of plant and animal domestication, marking a transformative period in human cultural development in the Horn of Africa.