Indigenous religious practices in Ethiopia, predating monotheistic religions, vary widely across ethnic groups with common elements like belief in a supreme being associated with the sky and communication through spirits. The Oromo people, for instance, practice Waqefanna, an inherited religion centered on Waqa as the supreme deity and involving male (Qallu) and female (Qalliti) priests. Pilgrimage to the Abba Muda is integral to their religious tradition, emphasizing unity and spiritual guidance. Similarly, other groups like the Hadya worship Waa as their supreme deity, reflecting shared beliefs in creator deities and spirits. In contrast, Ethiopia’s Judaic heritage is linked to legends of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, while Christianity, introduced in the 4th century, evolved under Aksumite kings and the influence of the Nine Saints. Islam arrived peacefully in the 7th century, finding refuge under Aksumite protection before spreading further through trade and preaching.